Introduction

Types of Diabetes

Risk Factors for Diabetes

Complications of Diabetes

Dietary Management of Diabetes

Goals of Dietary Management

Principles of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)

Macronutrient & Micronutrient Distribution

Special Considerations

Nutrition in Special Populations

Monitoring and Evaluation

Role of the Dietitian and Multidisciplinary Team

Key Challenges and Recommendations

Conclusion

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, complex metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

It affects millions globally and is a major cause of morbidity, disability, and premature death.

Globally, approximately 537 million people have diabetes, a number projected to rise significantly. In Nigeria, the number of adult cases is estimated to be around 2.9, with a significant number of cases remaining undiagnosed. The prevalence in Nigeria is estimated to 3.0% (WHO, 2024; IDF, 2024). 

Effective management of diabetes requires medical care, lifestyle modification, and dietary regulation.